The landscape of antitrust enforcement in the United States continues to undergo a significant transformation, as highlighted by recent remarks from leaders at both the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice.

On September 27, 2025, the United Nations reimposed sanctions and other restrictions based on Iran’s continuing “significant non-performance” of its nuclear commitments. Today, September 29, following the UN resolution, the European Union formally reimposed a broad range of sanctions on Iran, citing the same “significant non-performance” of its nuclear commitments under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). These actions follow the invocation of the JCPOA’s snapback mechanism by the E3 (France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) on August 28, 2025, and mark a major shift in the international legal and commercial landscape for entities engaged with Iran. 

A September 24, 2025 U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia opinion in the case of Radtke v. U.S. Bureau of Customs & Border Protection casts further light on the U.S. Customs and Border Protection ruling process relating to the Jones Act.