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•••• | Volume 9, No. 6 | February 10, 2014 |
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Insights from Winston & Strawn |
Last week the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") levied an $8 million fine — its largest ever for anti-money laundering ("AML") compliance failures — on Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. ("BBH") and an additional $25,000 fine on BBH's former Global AML Compliance Officer, Harold Crawford.
FINRA found substantial AML compliance failures from January 1, 2009, through June 30, 2013. Such deficiencies included the absence of an adequate AML program to monitor and detect suspicious penny stock transactions. In fact, BBH often lacked such basic information as the identity of the stock's beneficial owner, the circumstances under which the stock was obtained, and the seller's relationship to the issuer. Although BBH was aware that customers were depositing and selling large blocks of penny stocks, FINRA found BBH failed to sufficiently investigate transactions that "should have raised numerous red flags" and did not fulfill its Suspicious Activity Report filing requirements. In addition, BBH did not have an adequate supervisory system to prevent the distribution of unregistered securities. BBH and Crawford neither admitted nor denied the charges, but each has consented to the entry of FINRA's findings.
Although fines are not typically levied on individuals, according to Brad Bennett, FINRA Executive Vice President, Enforcement, "The sanction in this case reflects the gravity of Brown Brothers Harriman's compliance failures... This case is a reminder to firms of what can happen if they choose to engage in the penny stock liquidation business when they lack the ability to manage the risks involved." In other words, the serious and systemic flaws in BBH's compliance system likely contributed to FINRA's decision to fine Crawford.
In focusing on BBH's AML compliance officer, FINRA's action highlights the increasing focus of financial industry regulators on individuals. For example, Representative Maxine Waters introduced last October a potential amendment to the Bank Secrecy Act that would: (1) increase civil penalties for willful violations of AML laws; (2) increase the civil penalty for negligent violations of AML laws and impose a penalty on partners, directors, officers, or employees of a financial institution for violations; and (3) impose a 20-year maximum prison term for individuals who facilitate evasion of an anti-money laundering program or control.
Similarly, the Treasury Department last month emphasized individual responsibility, specifically referencing the role a financial institution's executive management, owners, operators, and other leadership play in creating an attitude of compliance among others within an organization.
Winston & Strawn LLP will continue to monitor enforcement actions against individuals and changes in the legislative and regulatory backdrop allowing for such actions.
Dania S. Becker |
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Feature: Anti-Money Laundering |
Last week the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority levied its largest fine for anti-money laundering ("AML") compliance failures. It penalized Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. ("BBH") $8 million for, among other things, failure to have an adequate AML program in place to monitor and detect suspicious penny stock transactions. BBH also failed to sufficiently investigate potentially suspicious penny stock activity brought to the firm's attention and did not fulfill its Suspicious Activity Report filing requirements. In addition, BBH did not have an adequate supervisory system to prevent the distribution of unregistered securities. BBH's former Global AML Compliance Officer, Harold Crawford, was also fined $25,000 and suspended for one month. In concluding these settlements, BBH and Crawford neither admitted nor denied the charges, but consented to the entry of FINRA's findings. FINRA Press Release.
FINRA's action, especially as it related to BBH's AML compliance officer, makes real the fear many in the financial industry held: regulatory focus on individuals. Last October Representative Maxine Waters, for example, introduced the "Holding Individuals Accountable and Deterring Money Laundering Act," H.R. 3317, which would amend the Bank Secrecy Act to: (1) increase civil penalties for willful violations of AML laws; (2) increase the civil penalty for negligent violations of AML laws and impose a penalty on partners, directors, officers, or employees of a financial institution for violations; and (3) impose a 20-year maximum prison term for individuals who facilitate evasion of an anti-money laundering program or control.
The emphasis on individual responsibility was reiterated by Jennifer Shasky Calvery, Director of the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. In a speech given last month, Shasky Calvery noted: "A financial institution's leadership - to include the board of directors, executive management, and owners and operators - is responsible for performance in all areas of the institution, including compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act. The commitment of an organization's leaders should be clearly visible, as the degree of that commitment will have a direct influence on the attitudes of others within the organization." |
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Banking Agency Developments |
On February 7th the OCC issued the "Mortgage Banking" booklet of the Comptroller's Handbook. The updated booklet replaces a similarly titled booklet issued in March 1996 (and examination procedures issued in March 1998). The updated booklet also replaces Section 750, "Mortgage Banking," issued in November 2008 as part of the former Office of Thrift Supervision's Examination Handbook. The updated booklet provides guidance to examiners and bankers on assessing the quantity of risk associated with mortgage banking and the quality of mortgage banking risk management. OCC Bulletin.
On February 5th, the OCC published a bulletin on its proposed rule that would establish minimum standards for the design and implementation of a risk governance framework for large insured national banks, insured federal savings associations, and insured federal branches of foreign banks with average total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more. The proposal also would establish minimum standards for an institution's board of directors in overseeing the framework's design and implementation.
The OCC will host two workshops in Houston, Texas, on March 11-12, 2014 for directors of national community banks and federal savings associations. The "Compliance Risk" and "Risk Assessment" workshops are designed exclusively for directors of institutions supervised by the OCC. The compliance risk workshop focuses on major compliance risks and consumer protection regulations, such as the Flood Disaster Protection Act, including the recent Biggert Waters amendments, along with core elements of an effective compliance risk management program. The risk assessment workshop discusses the OCC's approach to risk-based supervision, and best practices to identify, measure, monitor and control risk. Focus areas include enterprise risk management, operational risk, and cybersecurity. OCC Press Release. |
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Treasury Department Developments |
On February 7th, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau announced the formation of a panel of small businesses to provide feedback on potential changes to mortgage information reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act ("HMDA") and the launch of a new online tool that makes it easier to navigate the publicly available HMDA data. The Bureau believes that additional mortgage information could help federal regulators, state regulators, lenders, consumer groups, and researchers better monitor the market. It is also considering changes to make it easier for mortgage lenders to provide better information. CFPB Press Release. See also Reuters. |
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Federal Rules Effective Dates |
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March 1, 2014 |
Defining Larger Participants of the Student Loan Servicing Market. 78 FR 73383.. |
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April 1, 2014 |
Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships with, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5807.. |
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April 1, 2014 |
Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5535.. |
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February 27, 2014 |
Executive Compensation. 79 FR 4389.. |
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February 3, 2014 |
Rules Regarding Availability of Information. 79 FR 6077. |
February 18, 2014 |
Financial Market Utilities. 78 FR 76973. |
April 1, 2014 |
Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5535. |
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March 3, 2014 |
Derivatives. 79 FR 5228. |
March 31, 2014 |
Liquidity and Contingency Funding Plans. 78 FR 64879. |
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April 1, 2014 |
Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5535.. |
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April 1, 2014 |
Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5535.. |
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Judicial Developments |
On January 31st, the D.C. Circuit addressed whether a borrower’s claim against the FDIC as receiver for a failed bank was subject to the administrative exhaustion requirements of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act ("FIRREA"). The Westbergs obtained a loan from Silver State Bank to build a house. After funds had been disbursed but before construction was completed, the FDIC was appointed the bank’s receiver. As receiver, the FDIC repudiated the loan while requiring the Westbergs to repay disbursed funds. The Westbergs submitted an administrative claim for costs resulting from construction delays caused by the FDIC’s repudiation of the loan, but did not seek relief from their repayment obligation. After the FDIC denied the claim the Westbergs filed suit. The D.C. Circuit, affirming dismissal, held that the Westbergs’ repayment claim was subject to FIRREA’s administrative exhaustion requirements because the claim stemmed from the FDIC-as-receiver’s act of repudiating the loan. It further found that plaintiffs failed to meet that requirement. Westberg v. FDIC. |
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Industry News |
On February 6th, Bloomberg discussed the testimony of financial services regulators before the Senate Banking Committee. Banking and treasury officials said that leverage ratios for U.S. banks will be higher than their international counterparts. Testimony. See also Hearings Webpage (with links to archived webcast and prepared testimony).
On February 6th, Ben Horowitz of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz blogged about the time his firm Opsware almost became the subject of a SEC stock options backdating investigation but didn't thanks to a general counsel with "hippie sensibilities" who was "nearly allergic to corporate politics, showmanship, or any behavior that covered the truth." Hippie Sensibilities.
On February 6th, a federal jury found Mathew Martoma, a former SAC Capital portfolio manager, guilty on three counts of conspiracy and securities fraud for engaging in insider trading that allegedly earned SAC Capital $275 million. See, e.g., DealBook; Forbes.
On February 5th, Bloomberg summarized the testimony of five federal regulators before the House Financial Services Committee concerning the Volcker rule, the Dodd-Frank Act's prohibition against proprietary trading by deposit-taking banks. Witnesses, including SEC Chair Mary Jo White and Federal Reserve Board Governor Daniel Tarullo, discussed the agencies' creation of an interagency group to coordinate the implementation of the Volcker rule. Interagency Coordination. See also hearing webpage (with links to archived webcast and text of witness's prepared remarks).
On February 5th, the Wall Street Journal reported that Federal Reserve Board Governor Daniel Tarullo, testifying before the House Financial Services Committee, said that the five federal regulators implementing the Volcker rule are considering loosening the rule's provisions concerning collateralized loan obligations. Exemptions.
On February 4th, ABC News discussed a shareholder proposal New York Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli has submitted to two national banks. The proposal would require the banks to name the employees who could expose the banks to losses as a result of their portfolio activities and compensation structure. The banks have asked the SEC for permission to exclude the proposals as pertaining to ordinary business. Employee Risk.
On February 3rd, Bloomberg reported that the Justice Department is looking into the relationship between various financial firms and sovereign wealth funds. The investigation is examining whether the firms made payments to obtain the sovereign funds' business. Sovereign Wealth Funds. |
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Winston & Strawn Speaking Engagements and Publications |
Subscribe to Winston & Strawn's Lending Law Digest, where attorneys blog on topics such as corporate lending, commercial lending, leveraged finance, sponsor finance, ABL, DIP loans, special assets, and much more.
Winston & Strawn partner Bill Brewer will be honored at the Financial Industries Dinner, benefitting National Jewish Health, to be held March 18, 2014. Bill Brewer is co-chair of the Winston & Strawn's global finance practice, head of the firm's New York finance practice, and a member of the Executive Committee. Corporate partner John Kalyvas, also based in the New York office, serves as dinner treasurer of this year's event. Accolade.
Winston & Strawn is pleased to announce a webinar addressing the latest strategies for resolving Consumer Financial Protection Bureau actions, based on a two-year investigation that was recently closed by a Winston team without any enforcement action. The webinar will be held on Wednesday, March 5, 2014 at 1:15-2:45p.m. (Eastern). eLunch.
Winston & Strawn will host a webinar titled "Hot Issues for Directors: Cybersecurity and Volcker Rule—Director Oversight Responsibilities." This presentation will be held on February 20, 2014 at 12:00-1:30 p.m. (Central). During this 90-minute webinar, which is the fourth in Winston's Director Education Series, speakers share insights, respond to Q&A's, and provide valuable insight into the board room deliberations at financial institutions. eLunch.
Winston's Financial Services partner, Christine Edwards, has been named a "Client Service All-Star" in an annual report published by The BTI Consulting Group. The BTI Client Service All-Stars are chosen solely based on feedback from corporate counsel. Criteria for a high level of client service included client focus, exceptional understanding of the client's business, outsized value, legal skills and outstanding results. Accolade.
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