Financial Services Update | Winston & Strawn
•••• Volume 9, No. 6February 10, 2014
•  Insights from Winston & Strawn
•  Feature: Anti-Money Laundering
•  Banking Agency Developments
•  Treasury Department Developments
•  Securities and Exchange Commission
•  Commodity Futures Trading Commission
•  Federal Rules Effective Dates
•  Exchanges and Self-Regulatory Organizations
•  Judicial Developments
•  Industry News
•  Winston & Strawn Speaking Engagements and Publications
 
Insights from Winston & Strawn

Last week the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") levied an $8 million fine — its largest ever for anti-money laundering ("AML") compliance failures — on Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. ("BBH") and an additional $25,000 fine on BBH's former Global AML Compliance Officer, Harold Crawford.


FINRA found substantial AML compliance failures from January 1, 2009, through June 30, 2013. Such deficiencies included the absence of an adequate AML program to monitor and detect suspicious penny stock transactions. In fact, BBH often lacked such basic information as the identity of the stock's beneficial owner, the circumstances under which the stock was obtained, and the seller's relationship to the issuer. Although BBH was aware that customers were depositing and selling large blocks of penny stocks, FINRA found BBH failed to sufficiently investigate transactions that "should have raised numerous red flags" and did not fulfill its Suspicious Activity Report filing requirements. In addition, BBH did not have an adequate supervisory system to prevent the distribution of unregistered securities. BBH and Crawford neither admitted nor denied the charges, but each has consented to the entry of FINRA's findings.


Although fines are not typically levied on individuals, according to Brad Bennett, FINRA Executive Vice President, Enforcement, "The sanction in this case reflects the gravity of Brown Brothers Harriman's compliance failures... This case is a reminder to firms of what can happen if they choose to engage in the penny stock liquidation business when they lack the ability to manage the risks involved." In other words, the serious and systemic flaws in BBH's compliance system likely contributed to FINRA's decision to fine Crawford.


In focusing on BBH's AML compliance officer, FINRA's action highlights the increasing focus of financial industry regulators on individuals. For example, Representative Maxine Waters introduced last October a potential amendment to the Bank Secrecy Act that would: (1) increase civil penalties for willful violations of AML laws; (2) increase the civil penalty for negligent violations of AML laws and impose a penalty on partners, directors, officers, or employees of a financial institution for violations; and (3) impose a 20-year maximum prison term for individuals who facilitate evasion of an anti-money laundering program or control.


Similarly, the Treasury Department last month emphasized individual responsibility, specifically referencing the role a financial institution's executive management, owners, operators, and other leadership play in creating an attitude of compliance among others within an organization.


Winston & Strawn LLP will continue to monitor enforcement actions against individuals and changes in the legislative and regulatory backdrop allowing for such actions.


Dania S. Becker

 
Feature: Anti-Money Laundering
Last week the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority levied its largest fine for anti-money laundering ("AML") compliance failures. It penalized Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. ("BBH") $8 million for, among other things, failure to have an adequate AML program in place to monitor and detect suspicious penny stock transactions. BBH also failed to sufficiently investigate potentially suspicious penny stock activity brought to the firm's attention and did not fulfill its Suspicious Activity Report filing requirements. In addition, BBH did not have an adequate supervisory system to prevent the distribution of unregistered securities. BBH's former Global AML Compliance Officer, Harold Crawford, was also fined $25,000 and suspended for one month. In concluding these settlements, BBH and Crawford neither admitted nor denied the charges, but consented to the entry of FINRA's findings. FINRA Press Release.


FINRA's action, especially as it related to BBH's AML compliance officer, makes real the fear many in the financial industry held: regulatory focus on individuals. Last October Representative Maxine Waters, for example, introduced the "Holding Individuals Accountable and Deterring Money Laundering Act," H.R. 3317, which would amend the Bank Secrecy Act to: (1) increase civil penalties for willful violations of AML laws; (2) increase the civil penalty for negligent violations of AML laws and impose a penalty on partners, directors, officers, or employees of a financial institution for violations; and (3) impose a 20-year maximum prison term for individuals who facilitate evasion of an anti-money laundering program or control.


The emphasis on individual responsibility was reiterated by Jennifer Shasky Calvery, Director of the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. In a speech given last month, Shasky Calvery noted: "A financial institution's leadership - to include the board of directors, executive management, and owners and operators - is responsible for performance in all areas of the institution, including compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act. The commitment of an organization's leaders should be clearly visible, as the degree of that commitment will have a direct influence on the attitudes of others within the organization."
 
Banking Agency Developments
OCC Issues Updated Mortgage Banking Booklet.
On February 7th the OCC issued the "Mortgage Banking" booklet of the Comptroller's Handbook. The updated booklet replaces a similarly titled booklet issued in March 1996 (and examination procedures issued in March 1998). The updated booklet also replaces Section 750, "Mortgage Banking," issued in November 2008 as part of the former Office of Thrift Supervision's Examination Handbook. The updated booklet provides guidance to examiners and bankers on assessing the quantity of risk associated with mortgage banking and the quality of mortgage banking risk management. OCC Bulletin.
 
 
OCC Bulletin on Proposed Heightened Standards for Large Banks.
On February 5th, the OCC published a bulletin on its proposed rule that would establish minimum standards for the design and implementation of a risk governance framework for large insured national banks, insured federal savings associations, and insured federal branches of foreign banks with average total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more. The proposal also would establish minimum standards for an institution's board of directors in overseeing the framework's design and implementation.
 
 
OCC Workshops.
The OCC will host two workshops in Houston, Texas, on March 11-12, 2014 for directors of national community banks and federal savings associations. The "Compliance Risk" and "Risk Assessment" workshops are designed exclusively for directors of institutions supervised by the OCC. The compliance risk workshop focuses on major compliance risks and consumer protection regulations, such as the Flood Disaster Protection Act, including the recent Biggert Waters amendments, along with core elements of an effective compliance risk management program. The risk assessment workshop discusses the OCC's approach to risk-based supervision, and best practices to identify, measure, monitor and control risk. Focus areas include enterprise risk management, operational risk, and cybersecurity. OCC Press Release.
 
Treasury Department Developments
CFPB Opens Mortgage Data Projects.
On February 7th, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau announced the formation of a panel of small businesses to provide feedback on potential changes to mortgage information reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act ("HMDA") and the launch of a new online tool that makes it easier to navigate the publicly available HMDA data. The Bureau believes that additional mortgage information could help federal regulators, state regulators, lenders, consumer groups, and researchers better monitor the market. It is also considering changes to make it easier for mortgage lenders to provide better information. CFPB Press Release. See also Reuters.
 
Securities and Exchange Commission

Interim Final Rule

Exemptions for Securities-Based Swaps Are Extended.
On February 5th, the SEC amended the expiration dates in its interim final rules that provide exemptions under the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 for those security-based swaps that prior to July 16, 2011, were security-based swap agreements and are defined as "securities" under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act as of July 16, 2011, due to the provisions of Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act. Under the amendments, the expiration dates in the interim final rules will be extended to February 11, 2017. The interim final rules exempt offers and sales of security-based swap agreements from all but the anti-fraud provisions of the securities laws provided certain conditions are met. SEC Release No. 33-9545. See also SEC Release No. 34-71485 (order extending temporary Securities Exchange Act exemptions in connection with the revision of the definition of "security" to encompass security-based swaps).
 
 

Guidance

Small Entity Compliance Guide on Credit Rating References.
On February 4th, the SEC issued a small entity compliance guide concerning the December 27, 2013, amendments to Rule 5b-3 and Forms N-1A, N-2, and N-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 that: (1) replace the reference to credit ratings in Rule 5b-3 with an alternative standard designed to retain a similar degree of credit quality to that in current Rule 5b-3; and (2) eliminate in the Forms the required use of nationally recognized statistical rating organizations credit ratings when a fund chooses to depict its portfolio holdings by credit quality. The amendments are effective July 7, 2014.
 
 

Other Developments

Variable Annuities.
The SEC's Office of Investor Education and Advocacy published an Investor Bulletin on variable annuities.
 
 
Opposition to Wider Stock Spreads.
On February 7th, Business Week discussed the growing opposition to proposals that would require the testing of wider price spreads for shares of smaller companies. Wider Opposition.
 
 
Commissioner Stein Discusses Market Structure.
On February 6th, SEC Commissioner Kara Stein discussed capital markets structure. She believes that firms with direct access to the markets and execution venues should be required to have detailed procedures for testing their systems. Stein also called for a comprehensive review of market infrastructure, with a focus on points of failure, like the securities information processor, and the need for a consolidated audit trail. Stein Remarks.
 
 
Regulating Crowdfunding.
On February 5th Entrepreneur reviewed the comments submitted to the SEC in response to its crowdfunding rule proposal. Entrepreneur noted the concern many voiced over the regulatory responsibilities which would be borne by the crowdfunding portals. Regulatory Burden.
 
 
Draft Strategic Plan.
On February 3rd, the SEC published for comment its draft strategic plan for fiscal years 2014 to 2018. Comments should be submitted on or before March 10, 2014. SEC Press Release. Compliance Week summarized the draft plan's reach while Bond Buyer specifically discussed its plans for the municipal bond industry.
 
Commodity Futures Trading Commission

Guidance

DSIO Guidance on New Financial Reporting Requirements.
On February 5th, the CFTC's Division of Swap Dealer and Intermediary Oversight provided futures commission merchants and derivatives clearing organizations with guidance on the procedures for submitting acknowledgment letters for accounts holding customer funds and on other financial reporting requirements. CFTC Press Release.
 
 

Other Developments

Commissioner O'Malia Interviewed.
On February 7th, Risk.net published excerpts from an interview with CFTC Commissioner Scott O'Malia. Interview Excerpts.
 
 
Australian Firm Receives No-Action Relief from DCO Registration Requirement.
On February 6th, the CFTC's Division of Clearing and Risk issued a time-limited no-action letter stating that it will not recommend enforcement action against the Australian-based clearing organization, ASX Clear (Futures) Pty Limited ("ASXCLF"), for failing to register as a derivatives clearing organization ("DCO"). The relief is limited to proprietary trades of ASXCLF's U.S. clearing participants in Australian and New Zealand dollar-denominated interest rate swaps and is effective until the earlier of (1) December 31, 2014, or (2) the date upon which the CFTC either registers ASXCLF as a DCO or exempts ASXCLF from registration. CFTC Press Release.
 
 
Agreement on European SEFs Nears.
On February 5th, Business Week said the U.S. and E.U. are close to an agreement that would exempt European swap execution facilities from U.S. rules. Exemption.
 
 
Cross-Border Meeting Agenda.
The CFTC has published its agenda for the upcoming CFTC Global Markets Advisory Committee meeting occurring on February 12, 2014. The meeting will include two panel discussions regarding the CFTC November 14, 2013, staff advisory related to cross-border guidance. CFTC Press Release.
 
 
CFTC Staff to Discuss "Package Transactions."
The CFTC announced that on February 12, 2014, the Division of Market Oversight will hold a public roundtable to discuss the application of the Commodity Exchange Act's trade execution requirement to "package transactions." The roundtable will address what is a package transaction, the challenges posed by these transactions, and potential solutions. CFTC Press Release.
 
Federal Rules Effective Dates

February 2014 - April 2014

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
March 1, 2014 Defining Larger Participants of the Student Loan Servicing Market. 78 FR 73383..
 
 
Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
April 1, 2014 Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships with, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5807..
 
 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
April 1, 2014 Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5535..
 
 
Federal Housing Finance Agency.
February 27, 2014 Executive Compensation. 79 FR 4389..
 
 
Federal Reserve System.
February 3, 2014 Rules Regarding Availability of Information. 79 FR 6077.
February 18, 2014 Financial Market Utilities. 78 FR 76973.
April 1, 2014 Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5535.
 
 
National Credit Union Administration.
March 3, 2014 Derivatives. 79 FR 5228.
March 31, 2014 Liquidity and Contingency Funding Plans. 78 FR 64879.
 
 
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
April 1, 2014 Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5535..
 
 
Securities and Exchange Commission.
April 1, 2014 Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds. 79 FR 5535..
 
Exchanges and Self-Regulatory Organizations

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority

FINRA Board to Consider Two Customer-Related Proposals.
On February 5th, Reuters reported that on February 13, 2014, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Board will consider a rule that would require brokers to feature on their websites links to FINRA's BrokerCheck program. The Board will also consider a proposal that would prohibit brokers from including in customer settlements a requirement that the customer agree to the expungement of the customer's complaint from the broker's record. Board Vote.
 
 
ADF Amendments Approved.
On February 3rd, the SEC approved the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority's proposed amendments to the rules governing the Alternative Display Facility ("ADF") to reflect new regulatory requirements; address changes to the ADF's functionality resulting from FINRA's proposed migration of the ADF to the Multi-Product Platform; conform the ADF trade reporting rules, to the extent practicable, to current FINRA rules relating to trade reporting to the FINRA Trade Reporting Facilities; and make other non-substantive changes. SEC Release No. 34-71467.
 
 
New FINRA Financial and Operational Rules.
On February 3rd, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority announced SEC approval of FINRA's proposal to adopt additional financial and operational rules. New FINRA Rules 4314, 4330, and 4340 address securities loans and borrowings, permissible use of customers' securities, and callable securities. The new rules are effective May 1, 2014. FINRA Regulatory Notice 14-05.
 
 

Fixed Income Clearing Corporation

Advanced Notice of Change to Intraday Clearing Fund Calculation.
On February 4th, the SEC provided notice of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation's filing of an advance notice in connection with FICC's Government Securities Division's ("GSD") plans to incorporate GCF Repo positions in its intraday participant Clearing Fund requirement calculation, and its hourly internal surveillance cycles. The enhancement is intended to align GSD's risk management calculations and monitoring with the changes that have been implemented to the tri-party infrastructure by the Tri-Party Reform Task Force. Comments should be submitted within 21 days after publication in the Federal Register, which is expected during the week of February 10. SEC Release No. 34-71469.
 
 

International Swaps and Derivatives Association

Credit Derivative Definitions.
On February 3rd, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association announced that the 2014 ISDA Credit Derivatives Definitions will go live on September 2014. ISDA Press Release.
 
 

NASDAQ OMX Group

Private Expectations.
On February 5th, Bloomberg summarized its interview with NASDAQ OMX Group CEO Robert Greifeld. Greifeld believes that the SEC will approve NASDAQ's proposal for "Nasdaq Private Market." Private Expectations.
 
 

National Securities Clearing Corporation

Stock Borrow Program Discontinued.
On January 31st, the SEC approved the National Securities Clearing Corporation's proposed discontinuance of its stock borrow program. SEC Release No. 34-71455.
 
Judicial Developments
Borrowers’ Claims Against FDIC Were Subject to FIRREA.
On January 31st, the D.C. Circuit addressed whether a borrower’s claim against the FDIC as receiver for a failed bank was subject to the administrative exhaustion requirements of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act ("FIRREA"). The Westbergs obtained a loan from Silver State Bank to build a house. After funds had been disbursed but before construction was completed, the FDIC was appointed the bank’s receiver. As receiver, the FDIC repudiated the loan while requiring the Westbergs to repay disbursed funds. The Westbergs submitted an administrative claim for costs resulting from construction delays caused by the FDIC’s repudiation of the loan, but did not seek relief from their repayment obligation. After the FDIC denied the claim the Westbergs filed suit. The D.C. Circuit, affirming dismissal, held that the Westbergs’ repayment claim was subject to FIRREA’s administrative exhaustion requirements because the claim stemmed from the FDIC-as-receiver’s act of repudiating the loan. It further found that plaintiffs failed to meet that requirement. Westberg v. FDIC.
 
Industry News
Regulators Promise Higher Leverage Ratios.
On February 6th, Bloomberg discussed the testimony of financial services regulators before the Senate Banking Committee. Banking and treasury officials said that leverage ratios for U.S. banks will be higher than their international counterparts. Testimony. See also Hearings Webpage (with links to archived webcast and prepared testimony).
 
 
Hippie Sensibilities Protected Firm from the SEC.
On February 6th, Ben Horowitz of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz blogged about the time his firm Opsware almost became the subject of a SEC stock options backdating investigation but didn't thanks to a general counsel with "hippie sensibilities" who was "nearly allergic to corporate politics, showmanship, or any behavior that covered the truth." Hippie Sensibilities.
 
 
Martoma Convicted of Insider Trading.
On February 6th, a federal jury found Mathew Martoma, a former SAC Capital portfolio manager, guilty on three counts of conspiracy and securities fraud for engaging in insider trading that allegedly earned SAC Capital $275 million. See, e.g., DealBook; Forbes.
 
 
Volcker Rule Coordination.
On February 5th, Bloomberg summarized the testimony of five federal regulators before the House Financial Services Committee concerning the Volcker rule, the Dodd-Frank Act's prohibition against proprietary trading by deposit-taking banks. Witnesses, including SEC Chair Mary Jo White and Federal Reserve Board Governor Daniel Tarullo, discussed the agencies' creation of an interagency group to coordinate the implementation of the Volcker rule. Interagency Coordination. See also hearing webpage (with links to archived webcast and text of witness's prepared remarks).
 
 
Volcker Rule Exemption.
On February 5th, the Wall Street Journal reported that Federal Reserve Board Governor Daniel Tarullo, testifying before the House Financial Services Committee, said that the five federal regulators implementing the Volcker rule are considering loosening the rule's provisions concerning collateralized loan obligations. Exemptions.
 
 
Employee Risk.
On February 4th, ABC News discussed a shareholder proposal New York Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli has submitted to two national banks. The proposal would require the banks to name the employees who could expose the banks to losses as a result of their portfolio activities and compensation structure. The banks have asked the SEC for permission to exclude the proposals as pertaining to ordinary business. Employee Risk.
 
 
Links to Sovereign Wealth Funds Examined.
On February 3rd, Bloomberg reported that the Justice Department is looking into the relationship between various financial firms and sovereign wealth funds. The investigation is examining whether the firms made payments to obtain the sovereign funds' business. Sovereign Wealth Funds.
 
Winston & Strawn Speaking Engagements and Publications
Lending Law Digest.
Subscribe to Winston & Strawn's Lending Law Digest, where attorneys blog on topics such as corporate lending, commercial lending, leveraged finance, sponsor finance, ABL, DIP loans, special assets, and much more.
William Brewer Honored at National Jewish Health Financial Industries Dinner
Winston & Strawn partner Bill Brewer will be honored at the Financial Industries Dinner, benefitting National Jewish Health, to be held March 18, 2014. Bill Brewer is co-chair of the Winston & Strawn's global finance practice, head of the firm's New York finance practice, and a member of the Executive Committee. Corporate partner John Kalyvas, also based in the New York office, serves as dinner treasurer of this year's event. Accolade.
How to Successfully Resolve a CFPB Investigation: Strategies Derived from Recent Victories
Winston & Strawn is pleased to announce a webinar addressing the latest strategies for resolving Consumer Financial Protection Bureau actions, based on a two-year investigation that was recently closed by a Winston team without any enforcement action. The webinar will be held on Wednesday, March 5, 2014 at 1:15-2:45p.m. (Eastern). eLunch.
Hot Issues for Directors: Cybersecurity and Volcker Rule—Director Oversight Responsibilities
Winston & Strawn will host a webinar titled "Hot Issues for Directors: Cybersecurity and Volcker Rule—Director Oversight Responsibilities." This presentation will be held on February 20, 2014 at 12:00-1:30 p.m. (Central). During this 90-minute webinar, which is the fourth in Winston's Director Education Series, speakers share insights, respond to Q&A's, and provide valuable insight into the board room deliberations at financial institutions. eLunch.
Winston & Strawn Partners Named 2014 BTI "Client Service All-Stars"
Winston's Financial Services partner, Christine Edwards, has been named a "Client Service All-Star" in an annual report published by The BTI Consulting Group. The BTI Client Service All-Stars are chosen solely based on feedback from corporate counsel. Criteria for a high level of client service included client focus, exceptional understanding of the client's business, outsized value, legal skills and outstanding results. Accolade.
 
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